Erratum to: The hyperfine excitation of OH radicals by He

Hyperfine-resolved collisions between OH radicals and He atoms are investigated using quantum scattering calculations and the most recent ab initio potential energy surface, which explicitly takes into account the OH vibrational motion. Such collisions play an important role in astrophysics, in particular in the modelling of OH masers. The hyperfine-resolved collision cross sections are calculated for collision energies up to 2500 cm-1 from the nuclear spin free scattering S-matrices using a recoupling technique. The collisional hyperfine propensities observed are discussed. As expected, the results from our work suggest that there is a propensity for collisions with ΔF = Δj. The new OH−He hyperfine cross sections are expected to significantly help in the modelling of OH masers from current and future astronomical observations

New ab initio potential energy surfaces for the ro-vibrational excitation of OH(X-2 Pi) by He

International audienc

Family enterprise and technological innovation

Family enterprises in China have significant impact on China’s social and economic development. Yet did technological innovation in Chinese family enterprise play a role on this impact? We examine the role that technology innovation played in the rise in importance of Chinese family businesses. We analyze the impact of family enterprises on companies’ technological innovation through both family ownership and family management involvement. We further scrutinize how Chinese family-owned business internationalization strategies affected their technological innovation activities. The authors show that family ownership without family management involvement has a negative relations with companies’ technical innovation. We further demonstrate that family ownerships with family management involvement have a positive relations with enterprises’ technical innovation. Our study provides some effective measures to increase the investment in firms’ technical innovation and minimize the disadvantages of family business. The research result has practical significance in the governance of family enterprises

Hyperfine excitation of CH and OH radicals by He

Context. Because of their high reactivity, the CH and OH radicals are of particular interest in astrochemistry. Modelling of CH and OH requires the calculation of accurate radiative and collisional rate coefficients for (de)excitation by collisions with the most abundant species such as H₂ and He. Aims. The present paper focuses on the calculation of inelastic rate coefficients among the lowest OH/CH hyperfine levels in their ground vibrational state in collisions with He atoms. Methods. Calculations of hyperfine (de)excitation of CH/OH by He were performed using the close-coupling and recoupling methods from the most recent ab initio potential energy surfaces. Results. Cross sections for transitions among the 60 and 56 lowest hyperfine levels of CH and OH, respectively, were calculated for collision energies up to 2500 cm⁻¹. These cross sections were used to calculate the rate coefficients for temperatures between 10 and 300 K. A propensity rule for collisions with ∆F = ∆j was observed. Conclusions. The new rate coefficients will help significantly in interpreting the CH/OH spectroscopic data observed with current and future telescopes, and help to describe accurately the OH masers and the hyperfine anomalies in CH emission spectra

Family enterprise and technological innovation

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordFamily enterprises in China have significant impact on China’s social and economic development. Yet did technological innovation in Chinese family enterprise play a role on this impact? We examine the role that technology innovation played in the rise in importance of Chinese family businesses. We analyze the impact of family enterprises on companies’ technological innovation through both family ownership and family management involvement. We further scrutinize how Chinese family-owned business internationalization strategies affected their technological innovation activities. The authors show that family ownership without family management involvement has a negative relations with companies’ technical innovation. We further demonstrate that family ownerships with family management involvement have a positive relations with enterprises’ technical innovation. Our study provides some effective measures to increase the investment in firms’ technical innovation and minimize the disadvantages of family business. The research result has practical significance in the governance of family enterprises

Is Bitcoin a currency, a technology-based product, or something else?

This is the author accepted manuscript . The finla version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordCryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin have fascinated technologists and investors alike. They have become prevalent, with over 2,000 Bitcoin-like cryptocurrencies now in use. Most jurisdictions have not regulated cryptocurrencies. Whether existing regulations apply to cryptocurrency turns ultimately on if we classify cryptocurrencies as currencies, securities, or derivatives, or a money services (transfer) vehicle. In this set of exploratory analyses we seek to classify Bitcoin. We utilize a variety of methods to compare aspects of its behavior to: currencies, asset classes such as derivatives, technology-based products and possible technology-based products such as Ether and the security SPY, and speculative financial bubbles. We find that Bitcoin's behavior more closely resembles a technology-based product, an emerging asset class, or a bubble event, rather than a currency or a security; such that it is correct that existing currency and security laws should not apply to cryptocurrencies

Is Blockchain mining profitable in the long run?

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via the DOI in this recordBlockchain technologies are at the heart of digital innovation and are a harbinger of Industry 4.0. Consequently, popular press and academic researchers alike have focused on its importance. Yet blockchain technologies’ most promising efforts, cryptocurrency and smart contracts, are underpinned by blockchain mining. The blockchain mining service is undergoing change, cryptocurrencies like Ethereum and others are nearing the end of their minting. Smart contracts are in their infancy. The financial impetus for providing the mining service has changed. Here, we add to the literature through a deep financial analysis of blockchain mining regarding its long-term financial viability. Our methods include a financial cost analysis and an analysis of the financial viability of cryptocurrency through focus on Ethereum. It is found that blockchain miners, despite initial profitability, cannot maintain sustainable financial viability without substantial fees. This work is important to those academics who focus on understanding how service technologies and products underpin Industry 4.0. Finally, this paper contributes to the practitioners’ decision-making process to embrace blockchain mining as a technological entrepreneur

The Unique Determination of Neuronal Currents in the Brain via Magnetoencephalography

The problem of determining the neuronal current inside the brain from measurements of the induced magnetic field outside the head is discussed under the assumption that the space occupied by the brain is approximately spherical. By inverting the Geselowitz equation, the part of the current which can be reconstructed from the measurements is precisely determined. This actually consists of only certain moments of one of the two functions specifying the tangential part of the current. The other function specifying the tangential part of the current as well as the radial part of the current are completely arbitrary. However, it is also shown that with the assumption of energy minimization, the current can be reconstructed uniquely. A numerical implementation of this unique reconstruction is also presented

A parametric integer programming algorithm for bilevel mixed integer programs

We consider discrete bilevel optimization problems where the follower solves an integer program with a fixed number of variables. Using recent results in parametric integer programming, we present polynomial time algorithms for pure and mixed integer bilevel problems. For the mixed integer case where the leader's variables are continuous, our algorithm also detects whether the infimum cost fails to be attained, a difficulty that has been identified but not directly addressed in the literature. In this case it yields a ``better than fully polynomial time'' approximation scheme with running time polynomial in the logarithm of the relative precision. For the pure integer case where the leader's variables are integer, and hence optimal solutions are guaranteed to exist, we present two algorithms which run in polynomial time when the total number of variables is fixed.Comment: 11 page

Cross section for the H + H2O abstraction reaction: experiment and theory

The absolute value of the cross section for the abstraction reaction between fast H atoms and H2O has been determined experimentally at a mean collision energy of 2.46 eV. The OH population distribution at the same mean energy has also been determined. The new measurements are compared with state-ofthe- art quantum mechanical and quasiclassical scattering calculations on the most recently developed potential energy surface